Grid

In Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, a grid is a raster-based data model used to represent geographic information as a matrix of uniformly sized cells arranged in rows and columns. Each cell, also known as a pixel, is referenced by its geographic x and y coordinates and stores a specific value that represents a particular characteristic of the Earth's surface. These values may indicate elevation, land cover, vegetation density, soil moisture, temperature, rainfall, population density, or other spatial attributes. Because each cell contains a single value, grid datasets provide a consistent and efficient way to analyze continuous geographic phenomena across large areas. Grid-based data models are widely used in spatial analysis, terrain and watershed modeling, environmental monitoring, climate studies, disaster management, land-use planning, and resource management, making them an essential component of modern geospatial analysis and decision-making.